Associated anomalies with anorectal malformations in the Eastern Indian population

Abstract

Aim: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are often associated with other anomalies. At present, there is no comprehensive protocol to detect these associated anomalies. This study aims to study prevalence of associated anomalies in the Eastern Indian population.

Materials and methods: All patients admitted with ARM in our institute (Department of Paediatric Surgery, NRS Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India) were studied from 2010 to 2012 (n = 182). Clinical examination and basic laboratory and radiological investigations were done in all patients. Advanced radiological investigations followed if abnormality was detected in the basic investigation. Incidence of associated anomalies was compared with known literature and correlation between level of ARM and other associated anomalies was studied.

Results: 102 of 182 ARM patients studied had associated anomalies. More associated anomalies were present in high ARM than low ARM (59.65% vs 50%). Genitourinary anomalies were the most common associated anomaly, followed by spinal, cardiovascular, tracheo-esophageal, gastrointestinal tract, limbs and facial anomalies.

Conclusion: In the Eastern Indian population, there is no significant sexual difference in patients who have associated anomalies with ARM. Full laboratory and radiological investigations are required in all ARM patients to detect and treat the associated anomalies as they may not be clinically apparent.